Tracer library / [18F]FDG
[18F]FDG
Also written as 2'-[18F]fluoro-2'-deoxy-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose; [18F]FDG; [18F]fludeoxyglucose; [18F]fluoro-D-glucose; [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose; [F-18]FDG
- Radionuclide
- F-18 t½ 109.7 min
- Modality
- PET
- Production route
- Cyclotron liquid target
- Stage
- Approved
- Syntheses indexed
- 40
What it is
- Compound class
- Small molecule (sugar analogue)
- Target / mechanism
- Glucose-transporter (GLUT)-mediated uptake and hexokinase phosphorylation with intracellular metabolic trapping (marker of glucose metabolism) PMID 25452219 / DOI 10.1007/s00259-014-2961-x
- Clinical application
- Oncology staging and response; cardiac viability; neurology; infection and inflammation PMID 25452219 / DOI 10.1007/s00259-014-2961-x; PMID 26060443 / DOI 10.4103/0971-3026.155816
- Theranostic pair
- —
Regulatory status
- FDA
- Yes — 1994; Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection; first approval NDA 020306 (SUNY Downstate Medical Center); now 60+ NDA/ANDA holders Drugs@FDA / openFDA drug registry, NDA 020306, approved 1994-08-19 — https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=BasicSearch.process&searchTerm=fludeoxyglucose
- EMA (centralised)
- No EMA medicines register — no centrally authorised medicine containing fludeoxyglucose (18F); search: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines?search_api_fulltext=fludeoxyglucose
- Other approvals
- Not centrally authorised by EMA, but holds national marketing authorisations in multiple EU/EEA member states (national / decentralised / mutual-recognition procedures). Example (official national register): France — MetaTrace FDG, fludeoxyglucose (18F), marketing authorisation active since 27/04/2010, holder Siemens Healthcare GmbH.
- Brand names
- Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection (USP) — no single proprietary brand; multiple manufacturers
Clinical use
- Typical injected activity
- Weight- and acquisition-time-based (EANM guideline formula); ~200-400 MBq for a typical 70 kg adult, 300-400 MBq for brain PET, not exceeding 530 MBq PMID 25452219 / DOI 10.1007/s00259-014-2961-x
- Uptake time
- 60 min (acceptable range 55-75 min) PMID 25452219 / DOI 10.1007/s00259-014-2961-x
Reported in the literature. Not a dosing recommendation.
Published syntheses
| Module | Cassette | Purification | Yield % | RCP % | Precursor / supplier | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Explora Siemens / CTI | fixed tubing | SPE | 55% ± 2% not corrected | >96 | Mannose triflate…Mannose triflate (1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-β-D-mannopyranose) In-house / non-commercial (various) | 40927146 2025 Indian J Nucl Med Siemens Explora FDG-4 module was used for the synthesis of [18]FDG - The decay-uncorrected radiochemical yields are 55% ± 2%. |
| Synthera IBA | — | — | — | — | — | 36760503 2023 Front Microbiol Synthesis of [18F]FDG was by standard nucleophilic substitution using an IBA Synthera module (IBA, Louvaine-la-Neuve, Belgium). |
| Explora | custom manifold | SPE | ~60% | >95% | mannose triflate | 36817206 2022 Indian J Nucl Med Pictures of Explora fluorodeoxyglucose-4 for synthesis of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose with help of purification column - The average yield of the product was approximately 60% or above. |
| FASTlab 2 GE HealthCare | vendor cassette | SPE | 81.4% ± 4.6% decay-corrected | > 95 % | mannose triflate | 35201511 2022 EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem an automated synthesis module (GE FASTLab2) in a hot cell - The synthesis had a combined decay corrected radiochemical yield of 81.4% ± 4.6% from end of bombardment (EOB) to end of synthesis (EOS). |
| F300 (FDG synthesizer) Sumitomo | vendor cassette | SPE | 60 not corrected | >95% | mannose triflate ABX | 34385781 2021 Indian J Nucl Med F300E synthesizer - whereas with F300E synthesizer it is around 60% with synthesis time of 25 min. |
| CFN-MPS100 Sumitomo | custom manifold | SPE | 45 not corrected | >95% | mannose triflate ABX | 34385781 2021 Indian J Nucl Med MPS-100 multipurpose synthesis module - The protocol developed with MPS 100 synthesizer for production of [18F] FDG, yielded approximate 45% (EOB), with synthesis time of around 35 min. |
| TRACERlab MX GE HealthCare | vendor cassette | SPE | 52% not corrected | >90% | mannose triflate | 30363401 2018 EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem manufactured FDG using the GE TRACERLabMX-FDG synthesis module - corresponding to 52% activity yield (AY) |
| FASTlab 2 GE HealthCare | vendor cassette | SPE | 71% not corrected | >90% | mannose triflate | 30363401 2018 EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem deployed the FASTLab 2 modules - corresponding to 71% non-corrected AY |
| FASTlab 2 GE HealthCare | vendor cassette | SPE | 72% not corrected | >90% | mannose triflate | 30363401 2018 EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem Using these cyclotron beam parameters in combination with the DUO cassettes on FASTLab 2, yields of FDG were 957 ± 102 mCi at EOS - corresponding to 72% non-corrected AY (n = 235) |
| F300 (FDG synthesizer) Sumitomo | — | — | — | — | — | 27744544 2017 Ann Nucl Med 18F-FDG was prepared using an 18F-FDG synthesizer F300 (Sumitomo Heavy Industries). |
| TRACERlab MX | — | — | — | — | — | 27508102 2016 Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging TRACERLab MXFDG synthesiser (GE Health, USA) using alkalic hydrolysis |
| In-house / custom built | custom manifold | SPE | 56±4% decay-corrected | 96% | mannose triflate Sigma-Aldrich | 23474380 2013 Appl Radiat Isot the cell was coupled to a custom-built synthesis apparatus, as shown on the right of Fig. 2 - [18F]FDG with a radiochemical yield of 56±4% (decay corrected, n=4) |
| In-house / custom built in-house | custom manifold | SPE | 41% decay-corrected | 97% | mannose triflate ABX | 23999726 2013 Molecules For automated radiosynthesis we used custom-made radiosynthesis robot controlled by LabView software. - Full QC analysis confirmed that the product was [18F]FDG (49 GBq, RCP 97%, RCY 41%). |
| In-house / custom built | custom manifold | SPE | 51±11% decay-corrected | >95% | mannose triflate Sigma-Aldrich | 23702795 2013 Appl Radiat Isot using a configuration of one RDM and one PRM module - The decay-corrected radiochemical yield of the non-optimized synthesis was 51±11% (n=11) |
| ELIXYS FLEX/CHEM Sofie | vendor cassette | SPE | 65% ± 2% decay-corrected | — | Mannose triflate ABX | 23855995 2013 EJNMMI Res the ELIXYS (Sofie Biosciences, Culver City, CA, USA), a disposable cassette-based, automated multi-reactor radiosynthesizer - Decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 65% ± 2% (n = 3) was obtained for this 45-min synthesis. |
| In-house / custom built | — | — | 88 ± 7% (fluorination to FTAG); >95% (hydrolysis to FDG) | — | — | 22210110 2012 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A We have developed an all-electronic digital microfluidic device for microscale chemical synthesis in organic solvents, operated by electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD). - high and reliable radio-fluorination efficiency of [18F]FTAG (88 ± 7%, n = 11) and quantitative hydrolysis to [18F]FDG (> 95%, n = 11) |
| TRACERlab MX GE HealthCare | — | — | — | — | — | 23326067 2011 Indian J Nucl Med using the TRACERlab MXFDG (GE Healthcare, Münster, Germany) |
| In-house / custom built Fluidigm | custom manifold | SPE | 96 | 99.3 | mannose triflate (MT) ABX | 20124050 2010 J Nucl Med the coin-shaped reactor chip is designed to draw its radiosynthesis advantages - Several successful syntheses have delivered just over 100 MBq (3 mCi) of 18F-FDG with yield calculated from 18F-fluoride available for reaction reaching 96%. |
| In-house / custom built Laboratory | — | — | 98% for protected [18F]FDG | — | — | 22001413 2012 Appl Radiat Isot The substitutions were carried out in a microfluidic reaction flow cell - 98% for protected [(18)F]FDG |
| F300 (FDG synthesizer) vendor not confirmed -- see article | — | — | — not corrected | — | — | 41875574 2026 Appl Radiat Isot an automated synthesizer (F300) |
| AllinOne (AiO) Trasis | — | — | 73 ± 6.2 % | >96 % | — | 40349649 2025 Appl Radiat Isot using the AllinOne 36-valve synthesis module - The activity yields for two batches of [18F]FDG were 73 ± 6.2 % and 64 ± 4.7 % (n = 3) |
| AllinOne (AiO) Trasis | — | — | 64 ± 4.7 % | >96 % | — | 40349649 2025 Appl Radiat Isot using the AllinOne 36-valve synthesis module - The activity yields for two batches of [18F]FDG were 73 ± 6.2 % and 64 ± 4.7 % (n = 3) |
| Explora Siemens / CTI | — | — | — | >95% | — | 35593337 2022 Curr Radiopharm Explora FDG4 module is described |
| — | — | SPE | — | >99% | aminooxy-modified tetrazine | 30380464 2018 Nucl Med Biol |
| — | — | SPE | — | >99% | aminooxy-modified PSMA inhibitor | 30380464 2018 Nucl Med Biol |
| FASTlab GE HealthCare | — | — | — | — | — | 27314969 2016 Ann Nucl Med The GE FASTlab radiosynthesis module is routinely used for the production of [(18)F]FDG, utilizing the commercially available phosphate cassettes. |
| BG75 (Biomarker Generator) vendor not confirmed -- see article | — | HPLC | 50% | — | [18O]H2O | 24650573 2014 Appl Radiat Isot an aseptic automated chemistry production and quality control module for production of [(18)F]F(-) and clinical [(18)F]FDG - in an automated synthesis mode (RCY≈50%) |
| FASTlab GE HealthCare | — | — | 82.9% decay-corrected | 99.4% | — | 23318199 2013 J Nucl Med Technol FASTlab 18F-FDG production using phosphate and citrate buffer cassettes - The mean decay-corrected RCYs for (18)F-FDG produced by phosphate and citrate cassettes were 82.9% ± 17.4% and 79.2% ± 5.0%, respectively. |
| FASTlab GE HealthCare | — | — | 79.2% decay-corrected | 99.0% | — | 23318199 2013 J Nucl Med Technol FASTlab 18F-FDG production using phosphate and citrate buffer cassettes - The mean decay-corrected RCYs for (18)F-FDG produced by phosphate and citrate cassettes were 82.9% ± 17.4% and 79.2% ± 5.0%, respectively. |
| TRACERlab MX GE HealthCare | — | — | 60 ± 5% | — | — | 23208244 2013 Appl Radiat Isot The FDG yield is 60 ± 5% (EOS) with a TracerLab MX (G.E. Healthcare). - The FDG yield is 60 ± 5% (EOS) with a TracerLab MX (G.E. Healthcare). |
| TRACERlab MX GE HealthCare | — | — | 6.4 percent increase | — | [18O]H2O | 21782460 2011 Appl Radiat Isot the average TracerLab MX [18F]FDG yield - a 6.4 percent increase (p=0.0025) in the average TracerLab MX [18F]FDG yield |
| TRACERlab MX GE HealthCare | — | — | — | — | — | 21641809 2011 Appl Radiat Isot Tracerlab MX radiochemistry system cassettes used to synthesise [18F]FDG |
| TRACERlab FX FN GE HealthCare | — | SPE | >60% not corrected | >99% | 1, 3, 4,…1, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfony-beta-D-mannopyranose | 19952408 2009 Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban Automated synthesis of (18)F-FDG was performed by the on-column hydrolysis procedure in TRACERlab FXF-N synthesizer. - The uncorrected radiochemical yield of (18)F-FDG was more than 60% within the total synthesis time shorter than 20 min. |
| In-house / custom built Laboratory | — | SPE | 88 ± 4% | >97% | 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanes…1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulphonyl-beta-D-mannopyranose (TATM) | 19037638 2009 Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging the performance of a conceptually simple microfluidic device integrated into a fully automated synthesis procedure for in-capillary radiosynthesis (ICR) of clinical grade [(18)F]FDG was evaluated - resulted in a radiochemical yield of 88 +/- 4% within <7 min |
| — | — | — | 73% decay-corrected | — | resin-bound perfluoroalkylsulfonate | 19156324 2009 Org Biomol Chem |
| TRACERlab MX GE HealthCare | — | — | 67.2+/-0.7% (virgin water), 65.5+/-0.9% (repurified water) | — | — | 17459713 2007 Appl Radiat Isot manufactured using a GE Minitrace cyclotron and a GE Mx TracerLab synthesizer - The decrease in [18F]-FDG yield, from 67.2+/-0.7% to 65.5+/-0.9% |
| In-house / custom built Laboratory | — | — | 60% | — | mannose triflate precursor | 16290944 2006 Appl Radiat Isot using a polymer microreactor chip - 60% radiochemical yield within 4s |
| In-house / custom built Laboratory | — | — | — | — | — | 16357255 2005 Science We achieved the synthesis of an [(18)F]fluoride-radiolabeled molecular imaging probe, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), in an integrated microfluidic device. |
| Zymate Laboratory Automation System Zymark | — | — | 12-17% | 96-99% | tetrabutylammonium [18F]fluoride | 2844702 1988 Int J Rad Appl Instrum A incorporated into our Zymate Laboratory Automation System - The end of synthesis yield (12-17%) |
| — | — | — | ~20% EOB | 96-99% | acetyl hypo[18F]fluorite | 3027001 1986 Int J Rad Appl Instrum A A compact autosynthesizer was developed and used successfully for the production of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose - The yield of 18FDG product using the autosynthesizer and remote manually controlled purification procedures is approximately 20% EOB. |
Clinical literature
Clinical studies in the indexed corpus, ordered by design (multicentre, prospective, retrospective, others, case reports last) and then by year. Titles and links only, as published; this is not a summary of the evidence.
- Prognostic implications of [¹⁸F]FDG PET and metabolic changes in patients with advanced metastatic neuroendocrine tumors undergoing rechallenge PRRT: final results from a multicenter 10-year survival WARMTH study.2026 · Theranostics · Retrospective, multicentre
- [18F]F-FAPI PET/CT and LAparoscopy in STagIng advanced gastric Cancer: a multicenter prospective study (PLASTIC-3 study).2025 · BMC Cancer · Prospective, multicentre
- Automated Lugano Metabolic Response Assessment in 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Avid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma With Deep Learning on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography.2024 · J Clin Oncol · Multicentre
- Determination of brain tumor recurrence using 11 C-methionine positron emission tomography after radiotherapy.2021 · Cancer Sci · Prospective, multicentre
- ENZA-p trial protocol: a randomized phase II trial using prostate-specific membrane antigen as a therapeutic target and prognostic indicator in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide (ANZUP 1901).2021 · BJU Int · Multicentre · Phase II
- [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TheraP): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.2021 · Lancet · Multicentre · Phase II
- Are volume-dependent parameters in positron emission tomography predictive of postoperative recurrence after resection in patients with thymic carcinoma?2021 · Surg Today · Retrospective, multicentre
- Effect of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with tandem isotopes - [90Y]Y/[177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in patients with disseminated neuroendocrine tumours depending on [18F]FDG PET/CT qualification in Polish multicentre experience - do we need [18F]FDG PET/CT for qualification to PRRT?2020 · Endokrynol Pol · Multicentre
- TheraP: a randomized phase 2 trial of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 theranostic treatment vs cabazitaxel in progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (Clinical Trial Protocol ANZUP 1603).2019 · BJU Int · Multicentre · Phase II
- hNET-targeted [18F]MFBG PET as baseline functional imaging in newly diagnosed neuroblastoma.2026 · Theranostics · Prospective
Show all 270 clinical studies
- Clinical Evaluation of [18F]AlF-NOTA-GL01 PET/CT in patients with solid tumors: a prospective comparison with [18F]FDG and an exploratory [18F]FAPI-42 subset.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- The role of 68Ga-FAPi PET/CT in Staging and Restaging of Breast Cancer Subtypes with Limited 18F-FDG Uptake.2026 · Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther · Prospective
- 99mTc-FAPI-YQ3 SPECT/CT for characterizing FAPI uptake phenotypes and metabolic-stromal heterogeneity in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a prospective single-center imaging-radiomics study.2026 · Front Immunol · Prospective
- Early prediction of synergistic cardiotoxicity induced by PD-1 inhibitors and doxorubicin using cardiac 18F-FDG PET/MRI.2026 · Chin J Cancer Res · Prospective
- Somatostatin Receptor Expression on [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET Among Patients with Poorly Differentiated Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: A Prospective Study.2026 · J Nucl Med · Prospective
- Gastrointestinal cancer with indeterminate 18F-FDG PET/CT findings: Diagnostic efficacy analysis of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MRI.2026 · Oncol Lett · Prospective
- Spatiotemporal voxel-wise concordance between 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT: association with pathologic response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective, retrospective
- Triple-tracer PET (18F-FDG, 68Ga-DOTANOC, 68Ga-FAPI) maps inter- and intra-lesional heterogeneity in metastatic high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms.2026 · Sci Rep · Prospective
- FAP-Targeted Theranostics in Advanced Sarcoma: A Pilot Study of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-46 Imaging and ¹⁷⁷Lu-FAPI-2286 Therapy.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Prospective
- Superior correlation with clinical activity and unique detection patterns: a prospective study of FAPI versus FDG-PET in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- [¹⁸F]PSMA-1007 and [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a prospective head-to-head comparison and assessment of PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy applicability.2026 · Cancer Imaging · Prospective
- The "fat heat-up" phenotype: adipose tissue hypermetabolism on 18 F-FDG PET/CT predicts frailty in older patients with solid tumours.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- Comparison between [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 and [18F]FDG PET/CT uptake in luminal-like vs. HER2-positive breast cancer.2026 · EJNMMI Res · Prospective
- Radioactive Distribution Patterns of [ 68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 in Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Prospective
- Somatostatin receptor expression for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in Japanese patients with recurrent or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer.2026 · Ann Nucl Med · Prospective
- The predictive value of 18F-FAPI PET/CT and voxel-based tumor absorbed dose for the response and clinical outcome of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with Yttrium-90 resin microsphere selective internal radiation therapy.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- Structure-guided design and clinical evaluation of 68Ga-GP01 for FAP-targeted PET imaging in solid tumors.2026 · J Control Release · Prospective
- PSMA-targeted PET imaging in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: results of the prospective PRISMA trial.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- Prospective pilot study with [89Zr]Zr-girentuximab PET/CT: CA-IX imaging in metastatic triple negative breast cancer (OPALESCENCE).2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- The SCARLET trial: a prospective phase II study of somatostatin receptor imaging for potential radiotheranostic application in patients with relapsing and refractory multiple myeloma.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective · Phase II
- Clinical impact of [68Ga]Ga-RM2 positron emission tomography imaging on staging and prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: A pilot study.2025 · Chin J Cancer Res · Prospective
- PReCedeNT trial: Phase III randomized-controlled trial of Lutetium - 177 DOTATATE Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) plus Chemotherapy versus PRRT alone in FDG-avid, Well-differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).2025 · BMC Cancer · Prospective · Phase III
- Relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and PET/CT uptake in lung cancer: [18F]FAPI versus [18F]FDG.2025 · Lung Cancer · Prospective
- Metabolic response prediction using 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with chemotherapy: a pilot study.2025 · Cancer Imaging · Prospective
- Comparison of PET/CT using 68Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4 with 68Ga-DOTATATE, 18F-FDG, and conventional imaging in the localization of insulinomas.2025 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- Feasibility of a single-day protocol for SPECT and PET assessment of dopamine transporter availability, cardiac innervation and metabolic patterns in patients with movement disorders.2025 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- Somatostatin receptor-targeted theranostics in patients with estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer-a prospective exploratory study.2025 · Breast Cancer Res Treat · Prospective
- First-In-Human Study of [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT in Infective Endocarditis: A Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison With [18F]FDG.2025 · Circ Cardiovasc Imaging · Prospective
- Quantitative and Visual Benefits of Data-Driven Motion Correction on Oncologic PET/CT: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study.2025 · Acad Radiol · Prospective
- Intrapatient Intermetastatic Heterogeneity Determined by Triple-Tracer PET Imaging in mCRPC Patients and Correlation to Survival: The 3TMPO Cohort Study.2024 · J Nucl Med · Prospective
- Dual Somatostatin Receptor/18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Patients with Well-Differentiated, Grade 2 and 3 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.2024 · J Nucl Med · Prospective
- 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Versus 18 F-FDG PET/CT in TENIS Syndrome: A Head-to-Head Comparison With Elevated and Suppressed TSH Levels in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma-A Pilot Study.2024 · Clin Nucl Med · Prospective
- Quantitative Assessments of Tumor Activity in a General Oncologic PET/CT Population: Which Metric Minimizes Tracer Uptake Time Dependence?2024 · J Nucl Med · Prospective
- Diagnostic performance of [68Ga]DOTATATE PET/CT, [18F]FDG PET/CT, MRI of the spine, and whole-body diagnostic CT and MRI in the detection of spinal bone metastases associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.2024 · Eur Radiol · Prospective
- Combination of [18F]FDG and [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT predicts tumour aggressiveness at staging and biochemical failure postoperatively in patients with prostate cancer.2024 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- Prediction of 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT Outcome Using Multimodality Imaging in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from a Prospective Phase II LUMEN Study.2024 · J Nucl Med · Prospective · Phase II
- Prospective Analysis of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Cardiac Sarcoidosis With Fluorodeoxyglucose Myocardial Accumulation: The PRESTIGE Study.2024 · JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · Prospective
- Glucose Metabolism Modification Induced by Radioligand Therapy with [177Lu]Lu/[90Y]Y-DOTATOC in Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Prospective Pilot Study within FENET-2016 Trial.2022 · Pharmaceutics · Prospective · Phase II
- CXCR4 PET imaging of mantle cell lymphoma using [68Ga]Pentixafor: comparison with [18F]FDG-PET.2021 · Theranostics · Prospective
- Effects of Repeated 131I-Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine Radiotherapy on Tumor Size and Tumor Metabolic Activity in Patients with Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.2021 · J Nucl Med · Prospective
- [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor for PET Imaging of Vascular Expression of CXCR-4 as a Marker of Arterial Inflammation in HIV-Infected Patients: A Comparison with 18F[FDG] PET Imaging.2020 · Biomolecules · Prospective
- PET/MRI versus PET/CT in oncology: a prospective single-center study of 330 examinations focusing on implications for patient management and cost considerations.2020 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Prospective
- Changes on Midchemoradiation Therapy Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for Cervical Cancer Are Associated with Prognosis.2019 · Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · Prospective
- Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Characteristics of SDHA-Related Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.2019 · Front Oncol · Prospective, retrospective
- 68Ga-DOTATOC and 18F-FDG PET/CT for identifying the primary lesions of suspected and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: A prospective study in Taiwan.2018 · J Formos Med Assoc · Prospective
- (68)Ga-DOTA-peptide: A novel molecular biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.2016 · Head Neck · Prospective
- Positron emission tomography: indications in lung cancer - prospective experience of a department.2007 · Rev Port Pneumol · Prospective
- Comparative Analysis of Lesion Detection and Uptake Characteristics of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in Gastric Cancer.2026 · J Gastrointest Cancer · Retrospective
- An FDG-first functional imaging approach in phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma.2026 · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · Retrospective
- SSTR-Targeted Radiotheranostics in Breast Cancer: A Comparison of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC and [68Ga]Ga-SSO120 with [18F]FDG PET.2026 · J Nucl Med · Retrospective
- Evaluation of 2D and 3D nnU-Net models with two-label and three-label strategies for automatic segmentation and total metabolic tumor volume estimation of metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma on FDG-PET/CT.2026 · Jpn J Radiol · Retrospective
- Shifts in Urbanicity-Based Access to Radiotracers for Neuroendocrine Tumors.2026 · J Am Coll Radiol · Retrospective
- [18F]FAPI PET/CT outperforms [18F]FDG in distinguishing nodal immune flare from lymph node metastases during immunotherapy for lung cancer.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Imaging tumor microenvironment: clinical experience with 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT across multiple cancer types.2026 · Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Lesion-level dual-tracer PET biomarkers predict prognosis in multiple myeloma treated with CXCR4-directed radiopharmaceutical therapy.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Diagnostic performance of [18F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07 PET/CT in characterizing solitary pulmonary nodules: a head-to-head comparison.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Differential [18F]FAPI-42 and [18F]FDG uptake patterns distinguish desmoid tumours from GISTs on PET/CT imaging.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- The Schrödinger's Cat Paradox: Can MAMMI PET with 68Ga-FAPI Determine Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Omitting Surgery?2026 · Cancer Biother Radiopharm · Retrospective
- ¹⁸F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT in high-grade G3 neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas: diagnostic performance and complementarity with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy alone or in combination with temozolomide plus/minus capecitabine in [18F]FDG-positive metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Correlations between Ki67 expression and uptake of 68Ga-FAPI-04 versus 18F-FDG in different types of tumors: a lesion-based study.2025 · Cancer Imaging · Retrospective
- Metastatic Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma: Diagnostic Performance of Functional Imaging (18F-Fluoro-L-DOPA-, 68Ga-DOTA- and 18F-Fluoro-Deoxyglucose-Based PET/CT) and of 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy in 57 Patients and 527 Controls During Long-Term Follow-Up.2025 · Cancers (Basel) · Retrospective
- Benign and malignant uptake in the postoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors: a comparative study of 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG.2025 · Quant Imaging Med Surg · Retrospective
- Ultrafast Multi-tracer Total-body PET Imaging Using a Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model.2025 · Acad Radiol · Retrospective
- CREBBP Mutation as a Culprit for Negative SSTR2 PET in Neuroendocrine Tumors.2025 · Mol Imaging Biol · Retrospective
- [68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT dual-modality imaging enhances precision of staging and treatment decision for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms].2025 · Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao · Retrospective
- Somatostatin Receptor Expression of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Comprehensive Analysis in the Era of Somatostatin Receptor PET Imaging.2025 · Cancers (Basel) · Retrospective
- Relationship between PD-L1 expression and [18F]FAPI versus [18F]FDG uptake on PET/CT in lung cancer.2025 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Superiority of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT to 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of different cancers with bone metastases.2025 · Bone · Retrospective
- Eliminating the second CT scan of dual-tracer total-body PET/CT via deep learning-based image synthesis and registration.2025 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- 18F-FDG-PET/CT Uptake by Noncancerous Lung as a Predictor of Interstitial Lung Disease Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.2025 · Acad Radiol · Retrospective
- Detection of tumour heterogeneity in patients with advanced, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer on [68Ga]Ga-/[18F]F-PSMA-11/-1007, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT: a pilot study.2024 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Metabolic Tumor Volume on 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography as a Prognostic Marker of Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Treated With 177Lutetium-DOTA-Octreotate Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy.2024 · Pancreas · Retrospective
- Assessing Krenning's score on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT and miPSMA score on 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in TENIS: a comparison with FDG PET/CT and examining the feasibility of targeted radionuclide therapy.2024 · Nucl Med Commun · Retrospective
- Dual FDG/PSMA PET imaging to predict lesion-based progression of mCRPC during PSMA-RLT.2024 · Sci Rep · Retrospective
- FAPI PET uptake patterns after invasive medical interventions: a single center retrospective analysis.2024 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- The Clinical Utility of Gallium-68-DOTATATE Positron Emission Tomography Scanning in Medullary Thyroid Cancer.2024 · Endocr Pract · Retrospective
- Predictive Factors of Early 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography Response to [131I] Metaiodobenzylguanidine Treatment for Unresectable or Metastatic Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas.2024 · Neuroendocrinology · Retrospective
- Prognostic value of pretreatment FDG PET-CT for short-term efficacy of radioactive iodine-125 seed implantation in patients with NSCLC.2023 · Brachytherapy · Retrospective
- Diagnosis and management of tumor-induced osteomalacia: a single center experience.2023 · Endocrine · Retrospective
- Evaluation of a convolution neural network for baseline total tumor metabolic volume on [18F]FDG PET in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.2023 · Eur Radiol · Retrospective
- Prognostic value of [18F]FDG-PET prior to [131I]MIBG treatment for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL).2023 · Ann Nucl Med · Retrospective
- The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after radioimmunotherapy using 131I-rituximab as consolidation therapy.2022 · PLoS One · Retrospective
- Inferring FDG-PET-positivity of lymph node metastases in proven lung cancer from contrast-enhanced CT using radiomics and machine learning.2022 · Eur Radiol Exp · Retrospective
- Usefulness of 68 Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT on Diagnosis and Management of Cushing Syndrome.2022 · Clin Nucl Med · Retrospective
- The value of metabolic parameters and textural analysis in predicting prognosis in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy.2022 · Strahlenther Onkol · Retrospective
- Prognostic Value of Pretherapeutic Primary Tumor MTV from [18F]FDG PET in Radically Treated Cervical Cancer Patients.2021 · Metabolites · Retrospective
- The relationship between pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic data and treatment response in patients with cervix uteri cancer.2021 · Hell J Nucl Med · Retrospective
- CXCR4-Directed PET/CT in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Neuroendocrine Carcinomas.2021 · Diagnostics (Basel) · Retrospective
- A 10-year observational single-center study of retroperitoneal unicentric Castleman disease.2021 · Medicine (Baltimore) · Retrospective
- Comparison of 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the Targeted Imaging of Culprit Tumors Causing Osteomalacia.2021 · Orthop Surg · Retrospective
- Pentixafor PET/CT for imaging of chemokine receptor 4 expression in esophageal cancer - a first clinical approach.2021 · Cancer Imaging · Retrospective
- The utility of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in localizing primary/metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents - a single-center experience.2021 · J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab · Retrospective
- Capecitabine-Temozolomide in Advanced Grade 2 and Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Benefits of Chemotherapy in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with Significant 18FDG Uptake.2021 · Neuroendocrinology · Retrospective
- Usefulness of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for predicting the prognosis and treatment response of neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.2020 · Cancer Med · Retrospective
- Incremental diagnostic value of [18F]tetrafluoroborate PET-CT compared to [131I]iodine scintigraphy in recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer.2020 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Large Cohort of Patients with Advanced Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Treated with Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy.2020 · J Nucl Med · Retrospective
- Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Combined With Chemotherapy in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors.2019 · Clin Nucl Med · Retrospective
- Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Safety and Survival Analysis in 69 Patients.2019 · J Nucl Med · Retrospective
- PET imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in patients with primary and recurrent breast carcinoma.2018 · EJNMMI Res · Retrospective
- Pretreatment metabolic tumour volume and total lesion glycolysis are not independent prognosticators for locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.2018 · Br J Radiol · Retrospective
- A score combining baseline neutrophilia and primary tumor SUVpeak measured from FDG PET is associated with outcome in locally advanced cervical cancer.2018 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- Investigating the Chemokine Receptor 4 as Potential Theranostic Target in Adrenocortical Cancer Patients.2017 · Clin Nucl Med · Retrospective
- Use of Metabolic Parameters as Prognostic Factors During Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer.2017 · Am J Clin Oncol · Retrospective
- Metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis on FDG-PET/CT can predict overall survival after (90)Y radioembolization of colorectal liver metastases: A comparison with SUVmax, SUVpeak, and RECIST 1.0.2016 · Eur J Radiol · Retrospective
- Metabolic response of lymph nodes immediately after RT is related with survival outcome of patients with pelvic node-positive cervical cancer using consecutive [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography.2012 · Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · Retrospective
- Characterizing Alzheimer's disease using a hypometabolic convergence index.2011 · Neuroimage · Retrospective
- Pre-therapy 18F-FDG PET quantitative parameters help in predicting the response to radioimmunotherapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.2010 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Retrospective
- PET of malignant cerebral tumors after interstitial brachytherapy. Demonstration of metabolic activity and correlation with clinical outcome.1988 · J Neurosurg · Retrospective
- A Case of FDG-Avid but FAPI-Negative Peritoneal Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Complementary Findings of 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT in a Chronic Left Ventricular Aneurysm.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- High Somatostatin Receptor Expression in Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Detected by 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Structure-Guided Designed [18F]-labeled FAPI for Enhanced Hydrophilicity: From Preclinical to First-In-Human Study.2026 · J Med Chem · Clinical study
- Discordant 68 Ga-FAPI and 18 F-FDG Uptake in Reactive Lymph Nodes in a Case of Esophageal Cancer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Bicornuate Uterus With FAPI Uptake Mimicking Ovarian Metastasis.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- FDG-Avid But FAPI-Negative Intramucosal Carcinoma in a Colorectal Adenoma.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Superiority of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 Over [18F]-FDG PET/CT and Conventional Imaging in Detecting Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.2026 · Ann Surg Oncol · Clinical study
- Specific imaging of bacterial infection: a translational approach using positron emission tomography and gallium-68-labeled maltohexaose.2026 · Theranostics · Clinical study
- Development and Pilot Clinical Study of a Novel FAP-Targeted PET Tracer for PET Imaging of Tumors.2026 · Anal Chem · Clinical study
- An auxiliary 18F-FDG uptake pattern clarifying equivocal adrenal gland mass after dual-tracer imaging with 123I-mIBG SPECT/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT.2026 · Hell J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Comparison of PSMA/FAPI Bispecific Tracer ¹⁸F-ALF-NOTA-PSFA-1 and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the Detection of Primary Clear Cell Sarcoma of Bone.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Syndrome Secondary to Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumor: Medical Stabilization Enables Serial Imaging and Localization.2026 · AACE Endocrinol Diabetes · Clinical study
- A convolutional neural network for fully automated total metabolic tumor volume delineation in patients with aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Multimodal Functional Imaging in Tumor-induced Osteomalacia: 68Ga-DOTATATE, 18F-FDG, and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Findings.2026 · Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther · Clinical study
- Negative 68Ga-FAPI-04 Uptake on PET/CT in HNF-1α-mutated Hepatocellular Adenoma: A Distinctive Feature for Differentiating From Hepatocellular Carcinoma.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Comparative 18 F-FDG PET/CT and FAP-targeted PET/CT Findings in Parotid Warthin Tumor.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Radiomic features of CECT and SUVmax of dual-tracer PET/CT reveal PD-L1 spatial heterogeneity in PDAC.2026 · Cancer Imaging · Clinical study
- Preclinical Evaluation and First-in-Human Imaging with 18F-NOTA-R49: A Comparative Analysis versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in Various Cancer Patients.2026 · Mol Pharm · Clinical study
- Automated long axial field of view PET image processing and kinetic modelling with the TurBO toolbox.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Optimizing PET/CT protocols: is 60-minute [18 F]F-FDG uptake sufficient for cardiac sarcoidosis?2026 · EJNMMI Res · Clinical study
- Prognostic Value of Fibroblast Activation Protein-Directed PET Imaging in Pleural Mesothelioma.2026 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Superior mucoepidermoid carcinoma detection with ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET/CT reflects FAP-α expression and MAML2 fusion status.2026 · Sci Rep · Clinical study
- Added Value of Interim FDG PET/CT in Resolving PSA-PSMA Discordance during PSMA-targeted Radioligand Therapy.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Quantitative dual-tracer PET/CT biomarkers correlate concordant lesion uptake with PSMA-RLT outcomes in mCRPC: a dual-center study.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Comparative analysis of 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: implications for preoperative scoring and treatment planning.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Hepatic Metastasis From Duodenal Ampullary Carcinoma With Intense FAP Activity But Without FDG Uptake.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Dichotomous Uptake Pattern on [ 18 F]F-FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Lytic, Sclerotic and Marrow Metastatic Skeletal Lesions in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Not All That Glows Is Cancer: Ga-68 FAPI PET/CT Uptake in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Synthesis, preclinical evaluation, and clinical translation of [68Ga]Ga-Asp2-JR11, a SSTR2 antagonist for PET imaging of neuroendocrine neoplasms.2026 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- A Rare Case of Retroperitoneal Teratoma Mimicking Paraganglioma on Multimodality Imaging.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- FAPI-Negative but FDG-Avid Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Extensive Steatosis.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- A high-affinity CEA-targeted nanobody for 68Ga PET imaging and 177Lu-based radioisotope therapy: preclinical and first-in-human evaluation.2025 · J Nanobiotechnology · Clinical study
- Prognostic Value of Initial Imaging and PSA Change with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Radiopharmaceutical Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A ProsTIC Registry Analysis.2025 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- [18F]BIBD-239: A First-in-Human PET Radiotracer with Dual Diagnostic Utility for Glioma Grading and Myocardial Imaging.2025 · Mol Pharm · Clinical study
- Deep Learning for Automated Measures of SUV and Molecular Tumor Volume in [68Ga]PSMA-11 or [18F]DCFPyL, [18F]FDG, and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Imaging with Global Threshold Regional Consensus Network.2025 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Increased 68 Ga-FAPI Uptake of Ureteric Fibroepithelial Polyp and Costal Cyst Mimicking Malignancy With Bone Metastasis.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- A Novel PSMA/FAP-Specific Radiotracer 99mTc-HFaPSMA for Diagnosis of PSMA-Negative Prostate Cancer: From Preclinical Validation to Clinical Translation.2025 · J Med Chem · Clinical study
- The PANEN nomogram: clinical decision support for patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm referred for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.2025 · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · Clinical study
- 68 Ga- DOTATOC PET/CT, 18 F-FDOPA, and 18 F-FDG PET/MR Findings in Growth Hormone-secreting Pituitary Adenoma.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Intense 18 F-FAPI-04 Uptake in Bone Marrow Metastasis From Recurrent Postoperative Gastric Cancer Negative on 18 F-FDG PET/CT.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- A Rare Case of Retroperitoneal Angiolipoma Mimicking Paraganglioma on Multimodality Imaging.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Multitracer comparison of gold standard PSMA-PET/CT with 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG in high-risk prostate cancer: a proof-of-concept study.2025 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Comparative study of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-RGD and [18F]FDG/[18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in renal cell carcinoma.2025 · Theranostics · Clinical study
- Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein: From Bench to Bedside.2025 · J Med Chem · Clinical study
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil Unmasked by 68 Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Exploring currently available fibroblast activation protein targeting molecules in adrenocortical carcinoma: Navigating theranostic pathways.2025 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- 18F-FDG PET findings in Parkinson's disease associated to RAB32 S71R variant.2025 · Parkinsonism Relat Disord · Clinical study
- Modification of Asp-Peptide Adapters: Giving the FAP-Targeted Radioligand a "Squirrel Tail".2025 · J Med Chem · Clinical study
- Comparison of [68Ga]Ga-Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor-04 and [18F]FDG PET Imaging for Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Preliminary Application of FAP-Targeted Radiopharmaceutical Therapy.2025 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Pulmonary Metastases From Early-stage Granulosa Cell Tumor 15 Years Later on 18 F-NOTA-FAPI-04 and 18 F-FDG PET/CT.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Breast Metastases From ACTH Secreting Thymic Carcinoid.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Metastatic Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Overproducing Multiple Catecholamines.2025 · JCEM Case Rep · Clinical study
- Long-axial field-of-view PET/CT improves radiomics feature reliability.2025 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Case Series: ATRX Variants in Four Patients with Metastatic Pheochromocytoma.2024 · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · Clinical study
- Clinical Trial Protocol for VIOLET: A Single-Center, Phase I/II Trial Evaluation of Radioligand Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T.2024 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study · Phase I/II
- Advancing Cancer Theranostics Through Integrin αVβ3-Targeted Peptidomimetic IAC: From Bench to Bedside.2024 · Cancer Biother Radiopharm · Clinical study
- A phase 2, single-arm trial evaluating 131 I-PSMA-1095 targeted radioligand therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.2024 · Nucl Med Commun · Clinical study · Phase II
- False-Negative 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Pediatric Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma Seen With 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT.2024 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- 3DFRINet: A Framework for the Detection and Diagnosis of Fracture Related Infection in Low Extremities Based on 18F-FDG PET/CT 3D Images.2024 · Comput Med Imaging Graph · Clinical study
- Heterogeneous Uptake of 68 Ga-DOTATATE and 18 F-FDG in Initial Diagnosed Neuroendocrine Tumors Patients : Which Patients Are Suitable for Dual-Tracer PET Imaging?2024 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Preclinical study and first-in-human imaging of [18F]FAP-2286, and comparison with 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in various cancer patients.2024 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Clinical Trial-Ready Patient Cohorts for Multiple System Atrophy: Coupling Biospecimen and iPSC Banking to Longitudinal Deep-Phenotyping.2024 · Cerebellum · Clinical study
- The value of [18F]FDG PET/CT in avoiding overtreatment of 131l avidity pulmonary metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer.2023 · Endokrynol Pol · Clinical study
- The comparison of three different molecular imaging methods in localization and grading of insulinoma.2023 · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · Clinical study
- Occipital hypometabolism is a risk factor for conversion to Parkinson's disease in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder.2023 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- A convolutional neural network with self-attention for fully automated metabolic tumor volume delineation of head and neck cancer in
[
18
F]FDG PET/CT.2023 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Comparison of cardiac image-derived input functions for quantitative whole body [18F]FDG imaging with arterial blood sampling.2023 · Front Physiol · Clinical study
- Partial Response Upon Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in a Highly Proliferative Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.2023 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Radioembolization-Induced Changes in Hepatic [18F]FDG Metabolism in Non-Tumorous Liver Parenchyma.2022 · Diagnostics (Basel) · Clinical study
- A pilot study of 68 Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT imaging and 177Lu-EB-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma.2022 · EJNMMI Res · Clinical study
- Preclinical and first-in-human evaluation of 18F-labeled D-peptide antagonist for PD-L1 status imaging with PET.2022 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Multiparametric 18F-FDG and 68GA-DOTATOC PET Imaging in Bone Metastatic Meningioma Before Radionuclide Therapy: Assessment of Tumor Heterogeneity.2022 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Abnormal Cardiac Image and Progressive Abnormal Metabolic Brain Pattern.2022 · Mov Disord · Clinical study
- Aceruloplasminemia: a multimodal imaging study in an Italian family with a novel mutation.2022 · Neurol Sci · Clinical study
- Biodistribution and Dosimetry Evaluation for a Novel Tau Tracer [18F]-S16 in Healthy Volunteers and Its Application in Assessment of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease.2021 · Front Bioeng Biotechnol · Clinical study
- Combined 177 Lu-PSMA-617 PRLT and abiraterone acetate versus 177 Lu-PSMA-617 PRLT monotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: An observational study comparing the response and durability.2021 · Prostate · Clinical study
- Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With Thyroglobulin Elevation and Negative Iodine Scintigraphy Using 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT.2021 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Prostate Cancer Is Not Systematically Associated with Increased 18F-FDG Uptake.2021 · Diagnostics (Basel) · Clinical study
- Early Metabolic Response Assessed Using 18F-FDG-PET/CT for Image-Guided Intracavitary Brachytherapy Can Better Predict Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Cervical Cancer.2021 · Cancer Res Treat · Clinical study
- Metabolic activity assessment by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization.2021 · J Gastroenterol Hepatol · Clinical study
- Clinical relevance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the postoperative follow-up of patients with history of medullary thyroid cancer.2020 · Radiol Oncol · Clinical study
- Optimizing Workflows for Fast and Reliable Metabolic Tumor Volume Measurements in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.2020 · Mol Imaging Biol · Clinical study
- Ectopic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Secreting Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: Excellent Response of Liver Metastases to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy as Demonstrated by 68Ga-DOTATOC and 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging.2020 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- 18F-PSMA 1007 Uptake in Brain Metastases From Breast Cancer.2020 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Promise of Fully Integrated PET/MRI: Noninvasive Clinical Quantification of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism.2020 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Therapeutic efficacy, prognostic variables and clinical outcome of 177Lu-PSMA-617 PRLT in progressive mCRPC following multiple lines of treatment: prognostic implications of high FDG uptake on dual tracer PET-CT vis-à-vis Gleason score in such cohort.2019 · Br J Radiol · Clinical study
- 68Ga-dotatoc vs. 18F-FDG vs. radiolabelled PSMA PET/CT in renal cancer patients.2019 · Ann Transl Med · Clinical study
- Comparisons of 131I-rituximab treatment responses in patients with aggressive lymphoma and indolent lymphoma.2019 · Ann Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Bilateral Adrenal Extremely Intense Metabolic Activity on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Pheochromocytomas.2019 · Clin Nucl Med · Clinical study
- DNA damage in human whole blood caused by radiopharmaceuticals evaluated by the comet assay.2019 · Mutagenesis · Clinical study
- Successful Localization Using 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT of a Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor Causing Osteomalacia in a Patient with Concurrent Follicular Lymphoma.2018 · Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Functional brown adipose tissue and sympathetic activity after cold exposure in humans with type 1 narcolepsy.2018 · Sleep · Clinical study
- Metyrapone-responsive ectopic ACTH-secreting pheochromocytoma with a vicious cycle via a glucocorticoid-driven positive-feedback mechanism.2018 · Endocr J · Clinical study
- Joint estimation of activity and attenuation for PET using pragmatic MR-based prior: application to clinical TOF PET/MR whole-body data for FDG and non-FDG tracers.2018 · Phys Med Biol · Clinical study
- Targeting CXCR4 with [68Ga]Pentixafor: a suitable theranostic approach in pleural mesothelioma?2017 · Oncotarget · Clinical study
- Imaging of Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression in Neuroendocrine Tumors - a Triple Tracer Comparative Approach.2017 · Theranostics · Clinical study
- [68Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT for imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in multiple myeloma - Comparison to [18F]FDG and laboratory values.2017 · Theranostics · Clinical study
- Synchronous presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and abdominal paraganglioma with avid 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake in PET/CT by both tumours.2016 · Nuklearmedizin · Clinical study
- Postcomparison of [(18) F]-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the brain after short-term bright light exposure and no intervention.2016 · Acta Psychiatr Scand · Clinical study
- Direct comparison of (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC and (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine tumour treated with the first full peptide receptor radionuclide therapy cycle.2016 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- [68Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT for imaging of chemokine receptor 4 expression in small cell lung cancer--initial experience.2016 · Oncotarget · Clinical study
- Visual Versus Fully Automated Analyses of 18F-FDG and Amyloid PET for Prediction of Dementia Due to Alzheimer Disease in Mild Cognitive Impairment.2016 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- First-in-Human Experience of CXCR4-Directed Endoradiotherapy with 177Lu- and 90Y-Labeled Pentixather in Advanced-Stage Multiple Myeloma with Extensive Intra- and Extramedullary Disease.2016 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Multiparametric PET imaging in thyroid malignancy characterizing tumour heterogeneity: somatostatin receptors and glucose metabolism.2015 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- All-in-one interictal presurgical imaging in patients with epilepsy: single-session EEG/PET/(f)MRI.2015 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- In vivo molecular imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in patients with advanced multiple myeloma.2015 · EMBO Mol Med · Clinical study
- Adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals in France: analysis of the national pharmacovigilance database.2015 · Ann Pharmacother · Clinical study
- All-in-one imaging of polymyositis, lung cancer and its metastatic lesions by fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.2014 · Acta Reumatol Port · Clinical study
- Dynamic metabolic changes during the first 3 months after 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy.2014 · ScientificWorldJournal · Clinical study
- Etiology and clinical profile of patients with Cushing's syndrome: A single center experience.2014 · Indian J Endocrinol Metab · Clinical study
- Differentiated thyroid cancer: a new perspective with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues for imaging and treatment of patients.2014 · Thyroid · Clinical study
- Prognostic significance of tumor response as assessed by sequential 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography during concurrent chemoradiation therapy for cervical cancer.2013 · Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · Clinical study
- First experience of 18F-alfatide in lung cancer patients using a new lyophilized kit for rapid radiofluorination.2013 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- Comparison between F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and Ga-68 DOTATOC in metastasized melanoma.2013 · Nucl Med Commun · Clinical study
- Changes in cervical cancer FDG uptake during chemoradiation and association with response.2013 · Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · Clinical study
- Automated measurement of uptake in cerebellum, liver, and aortic arch in full-body FDG PET/CT scans.2012 · Med Phys · Clinical study
- Metabolic response on post-therapy FDG-PET predicts patterns of failure after radiotherapy for cervical cancer.2012 · Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · Clinical study
- [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) physiologic imaging of choroidal melanoma: before and after ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy.2011 · Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · Clinical study
- Riluzole protects Huntington disease patients from brain glucose hypometabolism and grey matter volume loss and increases production of neurotrophins.2009 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Clinical study
- Unusual 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose accumulation induced by postoperative intestinocutaneous fistula in the patient with uterine cervical cancer and SLE.2009 · Arch Gynecol Obstet · Clinical study
- Breast cancer staging in a single session: whole-body PET/CT mammography.2008 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography evaluation of early metabolic response during radiation therapy for cervical cancer.2008 · Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · Clinical study
- FDG-PET in the detection of recurrence of uterine cervical carcinoma following radiation therapy--tumor volume and FDG uptake value.2006 · Gynecol Oncol · Clinical study
- Image-derived input functions for determination of MRGlu in cardiac (18)F-FDG PET scans.2001 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- 18F alpha-methyl tyrosine PET studies in patients with brain tumors.1999 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- 11C-methionine and 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: a tool for diagnosis of cerebral glioma and monitoring after brachytherapy with 125I seeds.1997 · Stereotact Funct Neurosurg · Clinical study
- Glucose consumption and methionine uptake in low-grade gliomas after iodine-125 brachytherapy.1996 · Eur J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer's disease using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine-18-FDG PET.1995 · J Nucl Med · Clinical study
- CXCR4-targeted PET/CT with Al18F-NOTA-Pentixather shows superior sensitivity to 18F-FDG in thyroid follicular lymphoma.2026 · Hell J Nucl Med · Case report
- Seeing Beyond 68GA-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG PET/CT: 68GA-FAPI Only Uptake in a Rare Metastatic Well-differentiated Grade I Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- 18 F FDG and 68 Ga FAPI PET/CT Findings in a Pituitary Abscess Secondary to Tuberculous Meningitis.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- More Impressive 18 F-FDG PET/CT Findings Than 68 Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 in a Cervical Chordoma.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- Case Report: FAPI PET/CT detected occult contralateral DCIS and supraclavicular metastasis, guiding neoadjuvant therapy in synchronous bilateral breast cancer.2026 · Front Oncol · Case report
- 18 F-FDG Uptake Outperforms 68 Ga-FAPI-04 in Papillary Renal Neoplasm With Reverse Polarity.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- Thyroiditis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Exhibits High [ 68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 and [ 18 F]FDG Uptake on PET/CT : A Case Report.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- High 68Ga-FAPI-04 and Low 18F-FDG Uptake in a Patient With Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- Intense 68 Ga-FAPI-04 Uptake in a Rare Case of Multifocal Abdominal Wall Endometriosis.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- 18 F-FDG Uptake Outperforms 68 Ga-FAPI in Mediastinal NUT Carcinoma.2026 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- Deficiency of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT Compared With 18 F-FDG PET/CT in Staging Metastatic Paraganglioma: A Case Report.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- Dual-tracer PET in prostate synovial sarcoma: discordant FDG and PSMA uptake with metastatic patterns.2025 · Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging · Case report
- Tumor Lesion Uptake of [ 177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-Rituximab in Skeletal and Splenic Disease in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.2025 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone syndrome in a 10-year-old girl with a thymic neuroendocrine tumor: a case report.2024 · BMC Endocr Disord · Case report
- Identification of Wandering Masses and Tumor Heterogeneity on 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Metastatic Grade II Neuroendocrine Tumor with Increased Somatostatin Receptor Expression After Combined Chemotherapy and PRRT.2024 · J Nucl Med Technol · Case report
- Difficult Diagnosis and Management of Concealed Cushing.2024 · Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets · Case report
- Molecular Imaging in CANVAS: A Contribution for Differential Diagnosis?2024 · Mov Disord Clin Pract · Case report
- Effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in finding lung metastasis from a retroperitoneal paraganglioma.2024 · Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol · Case report
- The predictive impact of dual somatostatin receptor/fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs): review of literature and a single institution experience.2023 · J Gastrointest Oncol · Retrospective, case report
- Expression of CXCR4 Receptors in Refractory Atypical Mediastinal Carcinoid.2020 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
- Anti-Cholinergic Derangement of Cortical Metabolism on 18F-FDG PET in a Patient with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Dementia: A Case of the TREDEM Registry.2020 · J Alzheimers Dis · Case report
- 18F-FDG PET detection of unknown primary malignancy in dermatomyositis.2012 · Clin Nucl Med · Case report
Precursor
- Common precursor
- Mannose triflate PMID 34385781 / PMC8320840
- Suppliers seen in the literature
- ABX (Radeberg, Germany) (mannose triflate)
- Cited suppliers in indexed syntheses
- ABX, In-house / non-commercial (various), Sigma-Aldrich
- Typical final purification
- SPE
Need this precursor?We can point you to suppliers for [18F]FDG, or handle the enquiry for you.
Get in touchQuality control Pharmacopoeial monograph
- Ph. Eur. monograph
- 1325 Fludeoxyglucose (18F) injection
- USP monograph
- Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection long-standing USP-NF radiopharmaceutical monograph; title confirmed on USP's public USP-NF preview page https://doi.usp.org/USPNF/USPNF_M33660_05_01.html, read 2026-09-26; a revision was made official in USP 41 2S on 2018-12-01 per https://www.usp.org/small-molecules/radioactive-articles
How this set was arrived at. Base set per Ph. Eur. 0125 + monograph 1325. Aminopolyether (Kryptofix) + residual solvents (GC) required. Conductometric detection for the sugar (no UV chromophore). Monograph under revision — treat impurity tests as provisional.
Tests listed by reference only. Monograph texts are copyrighted and are not reproduced here. How these are derived
Setting up quality control?We can help you scope the equipment needed to release [18F]FDG.
Get in touch