Tracer library / [11C](+)-PHNO

Structure of (+)-PHNO (unlabelled parent compound, from PubChem) — Unlabelled parent compoundPubChem CID 57533

[11C](+)-PHNO

Also written as [11C](+)-PHNO

Radionuclide: C-11 t½ 20.36 min
Modality: PET
Production route: —
Stage: —
Syntheses indexed: 2

CNS receptor and transporter imaging Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders

What it is

Compound class: dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist radioligand (aminotetralin-derivative)
Target / mechanism: Dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist, D3-preferential PMID 32818617
Clinical application: PET imaging of dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability and dopamine release in the human brain (research use in healthy subjects and psychosis patients) PMID 32066718
Theranostic pair: —

Published syntheses

Module	Cassette	Purification	Yield %	RCP %	Precursor / supplier	Source
TRACERlab FX C Pro GE HealthCare	custom manifold	HPLC+SPE	8.25±4.2%	—	(+)-HNO hydrochloride ABX	23974301 2013 Appl Radiat Isot Preparations were performed on the TRACERlab™ FX C Pro synthesis platform (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) including semi-preparative HPLC, SPE purification and product formulation. - Overall synthesis outcome was 8.25±4.2% (1.83±0.55 GBq, range 1.16–3.0 GBq, n=11; end of synthesis, EOS) within 37±2 min.
Manual synthesis	—	—	13 ± 2%	—	alkyl bromide precursor	33238289 2021 Nature After 12 hours of blue light irradiation in the integrated photoreactor - [11C]PHNO was conveniently prepared in sufficient yields for in vivo imaging studies (13 ± 2% yield)

Clinical literature

Clinical studies in the indexed corpus, ordered by design (multicentre, prospective, retrospective, others, case reports last) and then by year. Titles and links only, as published; this is not a summary of the evidence.

On the relationship of first-episode psychosis to the amphetamine-sensitized state: a dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand study.
2020 · Transl Psychiatry · Prospective
Disrupted relationship between blood glucose and brain dopamine D2/3 receptor binding in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
2021 · Neuroimage Clin · Clinical study
Association of dopamine D2/3 receptor binding potential measured using PET and [11C]-(+)-PHNO with post-mortem DRD2/3 gene expression in the human brain.
2020 · Neuroimage · Clinical study

Precursor

Common precursor: —
Suppliers seen in the literature: —
Cited suppliers in indexed syntheses: ABX
Typical final purification: —

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Quality control Preliminary - inferred from compound class

Ph. Eur. monograph: not verified No Ph. Eur. check is recorded for this entry.
USP monograph: not verified No USP check is recorded for this entry.

AppearancepHRCP HPLCRCP TLCHPLC UVRadionuclidic (HPGe)Half-lifeActivityEndotoxins (LAL)SterilityFilter integrity

How this set was arrived at. base set per Ph. Eur. general monograph 0125 (rule); organic-phase radiosynthesis assumed from isotope/compound class, no synthesis data confirming it -> GC residual solvents (preliminary)

Tests listed by reference only. Monograph texts are copyrighted and are not reproduced here. How these are derived

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Notes

Added from reverse module search (stage 6); 4 article(s) with C-11. | Stage 28: added indication(s) psy-schizophrenia from consolidated missing-rubric review.